Sopo shevardnadze biography of donald

Privatization and distribution of land to peasants has begun. An interesting fact is that one of the economic advisers to the authorities of independent Georgia was Leszek Balcerowicz. Shevardnadze also pursued an active policy in the international arena. He achieved Georgia's accession to various organizations. He opened its embassies in different countries and received assistance from other countries for the restoration of Georgia.

Such actions gave people hope for a way out of the crisis. Shevardnadze demonstrated to the public that he is the kind of politician who knows how to coordinate Georgian foreign policy with Russia's interests, and at the same time actively cooperate with Western countries. On the other hand, the decision on Georgia's accession to the CIS was perceived very negatively by the Georgian society.

Conflicts with the Ossetians, whose Abkhazians were supported by Russia and the Zviadists, continued uninterrupted. In turn, Russia, dissatisfied with the pro-Western course of the Georgian president, strategic partnership with NATO and a declaration of desire to join the Alliance as well as the European Union , accused him of supporting Chechen separatism.

End of career Shevardnadze gradually stabilized his political position, consolidating his own political camp around the Civil Union of Georgia party. His program was in line with the programs of the Western Social Democratic parties. However, the popularity of this policy has declined over time. In addition to the aforementioned problems, one can add huge corruption to which people from the inner circle of the president were involved, as well as the falsification of the presidential elections in and the parliamentary elections in The last elections put an end to the power of this politician.

Eduard Shevardnadze voluntarily relinquished power although at first he refused to give in after consultations with opposition leaders as well as Colin Powell and Sergei Ivanov. Thus ended the political career of Eduard Shevardnadze. A career full of contradictions, ambiguities, things that are not so easy to define. Time will tell if the future really belongs to freedom, as he arrogantly stated in the title of his book, ex-president Georgia and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Igor Khomyn.

As the leader of Georgia, Shevardnadze carries out the adoption of political decisions, the drafts of which are prepared by his inner circle.

Sopo shevardnadze biography of donald

However, it is obvious that his environment does not represent any close-knit team of like-minded people, although it is formed mainly on the basis of personal devotion to the leader and professional competence. It is noted that after moving to Georgia in and several assassination attempts, Shevardnadze does not trust local personnel and is very scrupulous about the persons who are recommended to him for work in his personal administration.

Therefore, the constant rotation of personnel is the norm for the presidential entourage. According to intelligence agencies, the only channel of influence on Shevardnadze in recent years is the US CIA station in Tbilisi, operating under the "roof" of the American embassy. The zone of responsibility of this department includes the territories of states including the former "USSR" adjacent to the Caspian Sea.

Taking into account the frankly pro-American foreign policy that Shevardnadze has been pursuing for many years, this unit has a stable operational position in Georgia, which is constantly building up and extending to the entire zone of responsibility of the Caspian Department. In addition, a group of American advisers on political and economic issues is actively working in the Shevardnadze administration, which is mainly staffed by specialists from the American intelligence services.

It is through this group, with the participation of the CIA's Tbilisi residency, that Shevardnadze constantly interacts with the US top leadership, including informal contacts with President Clinton and Secretary of State M. According to diplomats in the United States and Georgia, Shevardnadze, not only in words but also in deeds, seeks to turn Georgia into a stronghold of American national interests in the Caucasus.

There is confirmed confidential information about Georgia's readiness to provide its territory for the deployment of US and NATO military bases, including the creation of infrastructure for emergency deployment by air and sea to the Caucasus of American rapid deployment forces. In August , a year-old American, Fred Woodroff, who was a foreign adviser to the head of Georgia, was killed with a single shot near Tbilisi.

To answer this question, I would like to quote from a secret message from a foreign source of the Russian special services:. For this purpose, various kinds of advisers and specialists are sent to the region, as a rule, they have family ties here. As for Russia, the United States seeks to put under its control the issues of reducing and destroying its strategic nuclear forces in order to subsequently dictate its terms, having a tactical potential in the Caucasus.

Shevardnadze is a Gurian by origin a native of Western Georgia. He does not support ties with his historical homeland, relatives and eschews attempts by fellow countrymen to establish any kind of contacts with him. Such a line of conduct is highly uncharacteristic of this ethnic group, which is traditionally distinguished by stable clan-compatriot ties both in Georgia and abroad.

Shevardnadze does not have any stable family ties. There are no contacts with childhood friends, fellow students at the institute, for joint work during the period of tenure in responsible positions. In this regard, there is an opinion that Shevardnadze has no friends in principle, for him there are only people who are beneficial or not beneficial from a political point of view.

A person who has known the Shevardnadze family for a long time notes that Shevardnadze himself never sought to revive long-forgotten friendships and help any of his old friends. There is a case when one of his comrades at the institute, who turned out to be involved in a banal criminal story, turned to Shevardnadze at that time a member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee for help.

Shevardnadze's reaction turned out to be peculiar - he authorized the criminal prosecution of his friend and his severe punishment in court. However, their relationship cannot be called close and trusting. According to circles opposed to Shevardnadze's regime, he is directly related to the development and implementation of the concept of transferring Russian money to Georgia.

For this purpose, various levers of influence are involved - from "democratic" and "reformist" forces in Russia to nationally oriented Georgian organized crime communities actively operating on its territory. According to various estimates, the volume of these operations is several times higher than the revenue side of the Georgian budget. And this process, actually elevated to the rank of national policy, has become the most important source of funding for Georgia in recent years.

Shevardnadze's daughter - Manana - oversees the work of Georgian national television, including its political focus and funding. Her personal life is not arranged. Has a tendency to abuse alcohol and drugs. In the presidential elections in April , he will again deceive everyone and again declare himself the president of Georgia. To achieve this goal, he goes to any lengths - violence, blackmail, provocations, use military force , a threat to start civil war.

He and his people declare that they "will not give up power, even if they have to shed blood. The same number is located on the territory of the Russian Federation. But Shevardnadze did not allow Georgian citizens outside of Georgia to vote. He plans to appropriate the votes of non-participating and non-Georgian voters. And there are one and a half million of them.

Shevardnadze seized power with blood and destruction of the country, and he will never give it back. If there are observers from the Russian Federation at the elections in Georgia, they will be in the minority, and what observers can decide. That part of Shevardnadze's money is kept in German banks, part of the money is allegedly spent on the acquisition of two oil fields in Kazakhstan, and the main amount is on his son's accounts in Swiss banks?

There is a lot of talk about the reasons for Shevardnadze's pro-Western orientation. According to the operational data of the Russian special services, for example, the Austrian company ABV, which in the territory former USSR built six high-class hotels in particular, "Palace Hotel" and "Marco Polo Presnya" in Moscow , under the guise of profit distribution finances the clan of the president of Georgia.

The President's detractors also claim that the Shevardnadze clan is trying to infiltrate the sphere of oil and gas transit from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan through Georgia. The opposition accuses Shevardnadze of intensifying contacts with Chechen separatists who are seeking communication with the leaders of the Transcaucasian republics in order to work out joint actions aimed at weakening Russia's role in the Caucasus.

Now the Chechens are creating many joint ventures with the Turks on the territory of Georgia. According to Russian intelligence services, Wahhabis contacts in Georgia are provided by a certain Nukhaev, the initiator of the Caucasian common market. Since , Nukhaev has been one of the leaders of the Chechen group in Moscow. In , through a prominent Georgian authority, N.

Lekishvili, he met the Shevardnadze family. A small touch on the issue of integrity and incorruptibility E. It is known that for many years there was a strict rule for Soviet diplomats who worked as officials of international organizations, including the UN: they were obliged to hand over to the state that part of their monetary allowance in currency that exceeded a certain established level, for example, the currency salary of an adviser embassy of the USSR in the same Washington.

Shevardnadze Paata began to apply for a job at the UN, this rule was canceled. Shevardnadze's children got an apartment in Paris literally for next to nothing. Who paid for it and how? For the current leadership of Georgia, everything is an object of bargaining, unless, of course, this fits into their personal interests. The Center does not succeed in subordinating the customs house, located on the territory of Adzharia in Sarpi, on the border with Turkey, to its narrowly selfish interests.

They thought for a long time and finally came up with a tender for the control of Georgian customs. The commission for evaluating foreign participants in the tender included ministers and chairmen of some parliamentary committees, who are fully subordinate to Shevardnadze. Three foreign companies became the finalists of the competition, and the English company turned out to be the winner, which took only third place in the semi-final Three questions immediately arose:.

Similar questions were raised by deputies in the parliament itself. However, there are still no clear answers from those who organized the sale of sections of state borders. The government of the country began to trade the state border. You see, the presence of Russian border guards who guarded the Georgian border was considered by Tbilisi as a fact incompatible with the independence of Georgia, and the control of the customs border by some foreign company is a normal phenomenon for them, fully compatible with the independence of the country.

Very strange logic. As tension around Chechnya grows, the Georgian leadership headed by E. Shevardnadze takes an increasingly pronounced anti-Russian position and actually turns into the main conductor of US and NATO interests in the Caucasus. The following facts testify to this. Shevardnadze has repeatedly stated Georgia's desire to become a NATO member if he retains his post following the results of future presidential elections scheduled for April The task of ensuring entry into NATO has been elevated to the rank of the country's highest national interests.

In the interests of its implementation, the Georgian leadership has begun to implement a number of measures aimed at creating an appropriate political and material base. In addition, the two-day visit of the Pope of Rome to Georgia on November this year, organized personally by Shevardnadze, is intended to contribute to the cause of Georgia's rapprochement with NATO.

There has been a steady trend towards curtailing Georgia's military and military-technical cooperation with Russia and reorienting it towards cooperation with the West. Now this trend is manifested in the form of sending Georgian military personnel to study in the United States and Western European countries, in increasing the number and scale of joint exercises of the Georgian Armed Forces and NATO, in the active invitation by the Georgian side of various kinds of Western military experts, specialists, observers, etc.

Only during current year Georgia has signed closed agreements on the cooperation of its special services with similar structures of the United States, Turkey and a number of other NATO member countries. The content of these documents shows that almost all agreements are anti-Russian in nature. At the same time, the attempts of the Russian side, taking into account the situation in Chechnya, to conclude agreements on cooperation with the Georgian special services do not find an adequate response.

The political intentions of the Georgian leadership are manifested in the persistent "squeezing out" of the Russian peacekeeping contingent from the zone of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict. An agreement has already been reached between the government of Georgia and the military-political leadership of NATO that the resolution of the "Abkhazian" problem will be carried out by their joint efforts according to the "Bosnian" version, with the gradual minimization of Russia's participation in this process.

In parallel, the Georgian leadership, for the sake of the interests of the United States and NATO, advocates the elimination of the Russian military and border presence in Georgia. Under any circumstances, Shevardnadze intends to liquidate all military bases of the Russian Armed Forces on Georgian territory within a year, the presence of which is due to a number of bilateral agreements in At present, the situation around these facilities is such that they have actually been blocked on instructions from Tbilisi.

Georgia refused the services of the Federal Border Guard Service of Russia for the protection of its external borders. While verbally supporting Russia's actions to combat terrorist formations in Chechnya, Shevardnadze provides covert support to the leaders of the Chechen separatists. According to available reliable data, the main caravan routes pass through the mountain passes on the Chechen section of the Russian-Georgian border, along which weapons, ammunition, equipment come to Chechnya, and back - wounded militants, who are sent to Turkey for treatment through Georgia and Azerbaijan.

United Arab Emirates and other countries in the Middle East. It has been reliably established that with the beginning of the air blockade of Chechnya, groups of foreign mercenaries who have been trained in the camps of Afghan Mujahideen in Peshawar Pakistan , Afghanistan and other countries arrive in Chechnya along the same routes. It has been established that Chechen fighters on Georgian territory in the immediate vicinity of Chechnya are taking measures to create bases and warehouses in case gangs leave Chechnya.

Repeated notifications from the Russian Federation to the President of Georgia about the inadmissibility of such actions did not have an adequate response. Shevardnadze states that he does not intend to cut off contacts with Maskhadov. Moreover, Shevardnadze's political position on the Chechen problem is evidenced by confirmed information about confidential negotiations between Shevardnadze's representatives and Maskhadov about Georgia's intention to provide the latter with "political asylum" and assist in establishing the work of the "Chechen government in exile.

Shevardnadze, as the leader of Georgia, is pursuing a political course that is hostile to Russia. These goals include: strengthening personal power in Georgia, spreading influence over the entire Caucasus region, creating conditions for building some kind of political the Caucasian center, through which influence will be exercised on the solution of the key problems of the region in a way that is beneficial for Tbilisi.

Shevardnadze's cult of personality is spread everywhere in Georgia. Every day all the central newspapers place materials on the front pages about the "fruitful" activity of the President with his photographs. For example, in one of the October issues of the newspaper "Free Georgia" there was a long article devoted to E. Shevardnadze under the heading "The world is indebted to E.

Brzezinski, present at the international conference on the Eurasian transport corridor in September this year. Journalists who try to write articles critical of the president in the local media face persecution. At the beginning of October this year. It is noteworthy that such a poster with the image of the president, installed in the central market of the capital, was pelted with rotten eggs and tomatoes.

Another legend associated with Shevardnadze is the legend of his connection with the "gold of the party. According to information circulating in the Western media, there are several main flows of weapons, ammunition, means of terror and sabotage, communications, and logistics. For example, by land from some Eastern European and Baltic countries in transit through Russian territory.

Suffice it to recall the detention in the Dagestan city of Derbent on the eve of the incursion of militants into the Botlikh region of a wagon with military special equipment and camouflage uniforms sent on false accompanying documents from Lithuania to some Chechen combat group specializing, judging by the equipment being transported, in conducting guerrilla warfare in mountain conditions.

Another flow begins, in fact, with Russian factories. Given the corruption prevailing in the country, this is not surprising. The other flow, according to Western journalists, is established by sea through the Georgian port of Poti, which, according to some sources, is under the control of one of Eduard Shevardnadze's closest relatives. The scheme is as follows: criminal groups in Ukraine sell ammunition to representatives of the Chechen diaspora in Turkey.

From there the cargo arrives in Poti under the guise of humanitarian aid. Further through the Russian-Georgian section of the border. Judging by the voyages of Vakha Arsanov, it is possible that wounded militants are transported abroad for treatment and foreign mercenaries are transported to Chechnya through the same route. In addition, light-engine aircraft of the Sesna type are also involved in this direction.

Information about their use has been leaked to the press more than once. President Shevardnadze's recent statements about Georgia's non-involvement in the supply of weapons and the alleged detention of a large caravan with weapons further strengthened the journalists' confidence that such facts really take place. Those who are familiar with Mr.

Shevardnadze know that he can say one thing, but in reality, sometimes everything is completely different. Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze once said with a laugh that if, God forbid, he did not win the elections, he would have to live in the house of the sculptor Zurab Tsereteli. But what about his luxurious residence in Krtsanisi?

Pelivanidos, Poti. As Eduard Amvrosievich himself told Arguments and Facts - News agency, the housing problem is very acute in his family. Indeed, the beautiful estate, where the presidential couple now lives, is intended for the residence of the current heads of state. Daughter Manan lives with her current husband in the house of her first husband.

But the influential couple gave it to a family friend - now the president of the Russian Academy of Arts Zurab Tsereteli. MAN-AGE My acquaintance with the legendary politician took place several years ago at his residence in Krtsanisi, a prestigious district of the Georgian capital. True, I was lucky with the topic. He called her: "Noni, Noni.

I read a lot about Stalin now. There is always something new about him. Shevardnadze's reaction was lightning fast: "What are your suggestions? They say that then he said: "This will be the place where they will bury me. Komsomol Eduard Shevardnadze, whose photo is located in the article, was born in Anti-corruption activities In , Eduard Amvrosievich was transferred from the post of secretary to Shevardnadze to the post of republican minister of the interior.

Political Flexibility Eduard Amvrosievich Shevardnadze gained particular popularity among the population of the republic in , and the reason for this was a political conflict over the official language. Gorbachev's assistant Friendship between Shevardnadze and Gorbachev began when the latter was first secretary of the Stavropol Territory Party Committee.

Discord with Gorbachev Gorbachev's radical changes were poorly received by the Soviet nomenklatura. Return to the post of Foreign Minister As far as is known, the decision to return to the post of head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was not an easy one for Shevardnadze. Leadership of sovereign Georgia The collapse of the USSR for the former minister of 63 years meant the prospect of a calm and carefree life anywhere in the world.

Presidency Shevardnadze won the presidential elections twice - in and Resignation In November , as a result of parliamentary elections, the victory of Shevardnadze's supporters was announced. Eduard Shevardnadze: cause of death Eduard Amvrosievich completed his life on July 7, Shevardnadze took credit for the unification of Germany and the end of the Cold War.

He played a leading role in the arms agreements that greatly reduced the risk of a nuclear war. But he was later toppled as leader of his native Georgia amid allegations of corruption. His father was a teacher and also a committed communist, a view that was not shared by his mother, who tried to persuade father, and later son, to renounce their political activities.

He joined the Communist Party's youth movement in and rose rapidly through the hierarchy to become Georgian party boss in Together with Mikhail Gorbachev he helped end the Cold War. During the s, he fought against bureaucracy and introduced free-market reforms. He was particularly keen to clamp down on corruption in the Communist Party, stripping hundreds of officials of their luxury cars and villas and dismissing many others.

Indeed, Shevardnadze's reforms were so great as to lead some to suggest that the policy of openness - glasnost - was introduced not by Gorbachev in the s but by Shevardnadze in the s. As Soviet foreign minister between and when the Cold War began to thaw, he oversaw a transformation in Soviet foreign policy. With hardly any experience of foreign affairs, he became an ambassador for the new Soviet policies of glasnost and perestroika - openness and restructuring.

By mid, Gorbachev, who never intended for the Communist Party to be brought down, decided he must turn more conservative and go back to hard-line communist rule in order for him to survive politically. Yet in mid, when Gorbachev left Moscow for a holiday, the conservatives who were still disgruntled about Gorbachev's changes attempted a coup to oust Gorbachev completely from rule.

Yeltsin stepped in as leader of the reform democratic forces that opposed the conservative communists and brought Gorbachev safely back to Moscow. The coup failed, but it was the radical democratic Yeltsin who took power. Yeltsin became the first president of the Russian Republic. He moved Russia toward a market-based economy. Despite difficulties with Muslim separatists in the region of Chechnya and two heart attacks, Yeltsin was again elected president in He underwent quintuple heart bypass surgery performed by famed U.

He remained president until when Vladimir Putin — , Yeltsin's preferred successor, was elected. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 9, Retrieved January 09, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.

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Shewhart, Walter Andrew. In this first meeting with George Shultz, the Soviet foreign minister mainly reads from his notes, giving the American a tour d'horizon of the Soviet positions on arms control. However, his tone is strikingly different from previous meetings when Andrei Gromyko had represented the Soviet side. Even on questions of human rights, Shevardnadze reacts not with "indignation or rage" as Shultz comments in his memoirs but asks Shultz jokingly, "When I come to the United States, should I talk about unemployment and blacks?

Source: Archive of the Gorbachev Foundation. Shevardnadze was an active participant at the historic summit between Gorbachev and Reagan in Reykjavik in October , where the two leaders almost agreed to abolish nuclear weapons. Just after the summit, the Soviets, trying to build on the momentum of Reykjavik, tried to offer the U. But it was too late.

Enmeshed in the growing Iran-contra scandal and under attack from allies like Margaret Thatcher for nuclear heresy, the Reagan administration had already retreated from the Reykjavik positions. Here the Politburo reviews the results of the November Shevardnadze-Shultz talks in Geneva, where Shultz refused even to discuss Shevardnadze's new proposals concerning what testing would be allowed and not allowed under the ABM treaty.

Shultz's position notwithstanding, Gorbachev emphasizes the need to press the U. He stresses that "we have not yet truly understood what Reykjavik means," referring to its significance as a new level of disarmament dialogue and reduction of the sense of nuclear threat. This State Department memorandum of conversation records the third set of negotiations between the U.

Shevardnadze presses for progress on the START treaty aimed at reducing nuclear weapons, but Shultz responds that still-unresolved issues like sea-launched cruise missiles SLCMs would not "reach full closure during the next month," so agreement would be unlikely for the summit. Arguments over these nuclear-armed cruise missiles would hold up START negotiations for years, pushed by the parochial interests of the U.

Navy rather than a consideration of the national interest, but by their lack of strategic value would lead to President George H. Bush's unilateral decision to withdraw all tactical nuclear weapons from U. The bulk of the discussion here concerns human rights issues, including an interesting exchange about the Vienna follow-up meeting on the Helsinki Final Act.

Shultz raises his "disappointment with the performance of the Soviet delegation" at Vienna, which "was not prepared to go as far in its statements as what the Soviet leadership was saying in Moscow. Published in "Istochnik" , Translated by Vladislav Zubok. The December Politburo meeting was the first following Gorbachev's return from the United States after his historic announcement at the United Nations of massive unilateral Soviet withdrawals of forces from Eastern Europe.

Observers in the United States ranging from Sen. Daniel Moynihan to Gen. Andrew Goodpaster hailed the speech as marking the end of the Cold War; but incoming Bush administration "hawks" such as Brent Scowcroft did not agree as Gorbachev would only find out later, with the "pause".