Ismed sofyan biography of barack obama

The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 30, Ann Pendekar-pendekar besi Nusantara: kajian antropologi tentang pandai besi tradisional di Indonesia Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: surviving and thriving against all odds. Bandung: Mizan. ISBN See also the follow-up story "Barack Obama's transgender former nanny finds fame and a job offer" Archived February 2, , at the Wayback Machine , The Guardian , Thursday 8 March Archived from the original on October 12, Jawa Pos in Indonesian.

Archived from the original on July 13, Retrieved May 6, New York: Riverhead Books. When Lolo completed his military service, Trisulo, who was married to Lolo's sister, Soewardinah, used his contacts with foreign oil companies doing business in Indonesia, he told me, to help Lolo get a job in the Jakarta office of the Union Oil Company of California.

Note: and the family moved two miles north to 22 Taman Amir Hamzah Street in the Matraman Dalam neighborhood in the Pegangsaan administrative village of the Menteng subdistrict in Central Jakarta. The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on January 25, Retrieved January 20, Maraniss , pp. Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original PDF on June 25, Note: Obama lived with his grandparents at the Punahou Circle apartments at S.

Beretania Street in Honolulu. Note: Dunham and her children lived in an apartment at Poki Street in Honolulu. Anthropology News. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Department of Anthropology. Archived from the original on June 10, Honolulu: East-West Center. Archived from the original on December 24, Ann; Dewey, Alice G. Polowijan 3, Kraton, Yogyakarta to Prof.

Alice G. Dewey Univ. Durham, N. Archived from the original on August 29, See also: Ochieng, Philip November 1, The EastAfrican. Archived from the original on September 27, Obama , pp. In August , Obama flew his wife and two daughters from Chicago to join him in a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near Kisumu in rural western Kenya.

Gnecchi, Nico August 27, Voice of America. Archived from the original on January 15, See also: Cose, Ellis September 11, Archived from the original on June 12, Wrong, Michela September 11, New Statesman. Archived from the original on January 16, See also: Serrano, Richard A. March 11, Archived from the original on November 8, Archived from the original on December 7, In Dreams from My Father , Obama writes: "Pot had helped, and booze; maybe a little blow when you could afford it.

For analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager "When I was a kid, I inhaled. Archived from the original on May 11, Seelye, Katharine Q. October 24, ABC News. Archived from the original on May 25, Retrieved May 25, Obama , , pp. Maraniss , pages with "choom gang".

Retrieved October 29, Romano, Lois January 3, October 9, Archived from the original on October 31, August 17, Archived from the original on April 7, Retrieved May 1, The State Journal-Register. Archived from the original on November 9, Retrieved August 23, February 8, Retrieved September 7, As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were mostly attended by blacks.

Archived from the original on May 24, Retrieved May 12, Possley, Maurice March 30, Archived from the original on October 9, Talev, Margaret November 19, The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on March 7, Kovaleski, Serge F. February 9, Rohter, Larry April 10, Archived from the original on April 11, USA Today. Archived from the original on May 28, Jackson, Brooks June 5, Mendell , pp.

Remnick , pp. Columbia College Today. Archived from the original on September 5, Retrieved June 9, Retrieved October 1, June 26, After winning re-election by defeating Republican opponent Mitt Romney, Obama was sworn in for a second term on January 20, During this term, he condemned the Snowden leaks as unpatriotic, but called for more restrictions on the National Security Agency NSA to address privacy issues.

His administration filed briefs that urged the Supreme Court to strike down same-sex marriage bans as unconstitutional United States v. Windsor and Obergefell v. Hodges ; same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide in after the Court ruled so in Obergefell. He advocated for gun control in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting , indicating support for a ban on assault weapons , and issued wide-ranging executive actions concerning global warming and immigration.

In foreign policy, he ordered military interventions in Iraq and Syria in response to gains made by ISIL after the withdrawal from Iraq, promoted discussions that led to the Paris Agreement on global climate change, drew down US troops in Afghanistan in , initiated sanctions against Russia following its annexation of Crimea and again after interference in the US elections , brokered the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action nuclear deal with Iran, and normalized US relations with Cuba.

Obama nominated three justices to the Supreme Court : Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan were confirmed as justices, while Merrick Garland was denied hearings or a vote from the Republican-majority Senate. Barack Obama announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination in the presidential election on February 10, Several other candidates, including Senator Joe Biden of Delaware and former senator John Edwards of North Carolina , also ran for the nomination, but these candidates dropped out after the initial primaries.

In June, on the day of the final primaries, Obama clinched the nomination by winning a majority of the delegates, including both pledged delegates and superdelegates. With Republican president George W. Obama won the presidential election with of the total electoral votes and In the concurrent congressional elections , Democrats added to their majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate , and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid both remained in their posts.

The presidential transition period began following Obama's victory in the U. During the transition period, Obama announced nominations for his cabinet and administration. Obama was inaugurated on January 20, , succeeding George W. He delivered his inaugural address immediately following his oath. Within minutes of Obama's taking office, his chief of staff, Rahm Emanuel , issued an order suspending last-minute regulations and executive orders signed by his predecessor George W.

On January 29, Obama signed a bill for the first time in his presidency; the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of revised the statute of limitations for filing pay discrimination lawsuits. While it was originally intended to be a bipartisan bill, Congressional passage of the bill relied largely on Democratic votes, though three Republican senators voted for it.

Following his inauguration, Obama and the Senate worked to confirm his nominees to the United States Cabinet. There were three vacancies on the Supreme Court of the United States during Obama's tenure, but Obama made only two successful appointments. Justice Antonin Scalia died in February , during the th Congress , which had a Republican majority in the Senate.

Circuit to fill Scalia's seat. Obama's presidency saw the continuation of battles between both parties over the confirmation of judicial nominees. Democrats continually accused Republicans of stalling nominees throughout Obama's tenure. Once the stimulus bill was enacted in February , health care reform became Obama's top domestic priority, and the th Congress passed a major bill that eventually became widely known as " Obamacare ".

Health care reform had long been a top priority of the Democratic Party, and Democrats were eager to implement a new plan that would lower costs and increase coverage. The Massachusetts Senate special election victory of Scott Brown seriously imperiled the prospects of a health care reform bill, as Democrats lost their seat Senate super-majority.

The Affordable Care Act faced considerable challenges and opposition after its passage, and Republicans continually attempted to repeal the law. Sebelius , a 5—4 majority upheld the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, even though it made state Medicaid expansion voluntary.

Ismed sofyan biography of barack obama

In King v. Burwell , a 6—3 majority allowed the use of tax credits in state-operated exchanges. The October launch of HealthCare. Risky practices among the major financial institutions on Wall Street were widely seen as contributing to the subprime mortgage crisis , the financial crisis of —08 , and the subsequent Great Recession , so Obama made Wall Street reform a priority in his first term.

During his presidency, Obama described global warming as the greatest long-term threat facing the world. Obama's campaign to fight global warming found more success at the international level than in Congress. The deal provided for the monitoring of carbon emissions among developing countries , but it did not include Obama's proposal to commit to cutting greenhouse gas emissions in half by From the beginning of his presidency, Obama took several actions to raise vehicle fuel efficiency in the United States.

According to a report by The American Lung Association, there was a "major improvement" in air quality under Obama. Upon entering office, Obama focused on handling the global financial crisis and the subsequent Great Recession that had begun before his election, [ ] [ ] which was generally regarded as the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression.

There was a sustained increase of the US unemployment rate during the early months of the administration, [ ] as multi-year economic stimulus efforts continued. GDP growth returned in the third quarter of , expanding at a 1. Obama's presidency saw an extended battle over taxes that ultimately led to the permanent extension of most of the Bush tax cuts , which had been enacted between and Those tax cuts were set to expire during Obama's presidency since they were originally passed using a Congressional maneuver known as reconciliation , and had to fulfill the long-term deficit requirements of the "Byrd rule".

During the lame duck session of the th Congress , Obama and Republicans wrangled over the ultimate fate of the cuts. Shortly after Obama's re-election, Congressional Republicans and Obama again faced off over the final fate of the Bush tax cuts. US government debt grew substantially during the Great Recession , as government revenues fell.

Obama largely rejected the austerity policies followed by many European countries. After taking control of the House in the elections , Congressional Republicans demanded spending cuts in return for raising the United States debt ceiling , the statutory limit on the total amount of debt that the Treasury Department can issue. The debt-ceiling crisis developed as Obama and Congressional Democrats demanded a "clean" debt-ceiling increase that did not include spending cuts.

Obama and Speaker of the House John Boehner attempted to negotiate a "grand bargain" to cut the deficit, reform entitlement programs , and re-write the tax code, but the negotiations eventually collapsed due to ideological differences between the Democratic and Republican leaders. In October , the government shut down for two weeks as Republicans and Democrats were unable to agree on a budget.

House Republicans passed a budget that would defund Obamacare , but Senate Democrats refused to pass any budget that defunded Obamacare. Ultimately the two sides agreed to a continuing resolution that re-opened the government and suspended the debt ceiling. Hate Crimes Prevention Act , which expanded hate crime laws to cover crimes committed because of the victim's sexual orientation.

In May , Obama became the first sitting president to support same-sex marriage , shortly after Vice President Joe Biden had also expressed support for the institution. The Obama Administration filed an amicus brief in support of gay marriage and Obama personally congratulated the plaintiff. The Great Recession of —09 caused a sharp decline in tax revenues in all cities and states.

The response was to cut education budgets. However, in terms of sponsoring innovation, Obama and his Education Secretary Arne Duncan pursued K education reform through the Race to the Top grant program. In the competition points were awarded for allowing charter schools to multiply, for compensating teachers on a merit basis including student test scores, and for adopting higher educational standards.

There were incentives for states to establish college and career-ready standards, which in practice meant adopting the Common Core State Standards Initiative that had been developed on a bipartisan basis by the National Governors Association , and the Council of Chief State School Officers. The criteria were not mandatory, they were incentives to improve opportunities to get a grant.

Most states revised their laws accordingly, even though they realized it was unlikely they would when a highly competitive new grant. Learn about the events surrounding the historical election of how Barack Obama became the Democratic presidential contender against Hillary Clinton and how he ultimately beat John McCain to become the first black president in U.

An excerpt from Barack H. Despite tight Republican control during his years in the state senate, Obama was able to build support among both Democrats and Republicans in drafting legislation on ethics and health care reform. He helped create a state earned-income tax credit that benefited the working poor, promoted subsidies for early childhood education programs and worked with law enforcement officials to require the videotaping of interrogations and confessions in all capital cases.

Re-elected in and again in , Obama also ran unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary for the U. House of Representatives seat held by the popular four-term incumbent Bobby Rush. As a state senator, Obama notably went on record as an early opponent of President George W. The former president and 24 other members of his administration weigh in on their proudest moments, their regrets and the belief that they left it all on the field.

When Republican Peter Fitzgerald announced that he would vacate his U. Senate seat in after only one term, Obama decided to run. He won 52 percent of the vote in the Democratic primary, defeating both multimillionaire businessman Blair Hull and Illinois Comptroller Daniel Hynes. After his original Republican opponent in the general election, Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race, the former presidential candidate Alan Keyes stepped in.

It put the relatively unknown, young senator in the national spotlight. Senate since Reconstruction. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Upcoming Events Past Events Donate. Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center. University of Virginia Miller Center. Barack Obama: Life in Brief. Breadcrumb U.

Life Before the Presidency.