Background on thomas jefferson

Henry Holt and Company. Bailey, Jeremy D. Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power. Twenty-First Century Books. Banner, James M. Vann Woodward ed. Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co. Banning, Lance. The Jeffersonian persuasion: evolution of a party ideology online Bassani, Luigi Marco Mercer University Press.

Bear, James Adam Jefferson at Monticello. Magazine of Albemarle County History. Bernstein, Richard B. Thomas Jefferson. The Revolution of Ideas. LSU Press. Bober, Natalie Thomas Jefferson: Draftsman of a Nation. Boles, John B. Jefferson: Architect of American Liberty. Basic Books, pages. Brodie, Fawn Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History. Bowers, Claude The Young Jefferson — Houghton Mifflin Company.

Burstein, Andrew Jefferson's Secrets: Death and Desire at Monticello. Basic Books. Madison and Jefferson. Random House. Chernow, Ron Alexander Hamilton. Penguin Press. Jefferson, Thomas Chinard, Gilbert ed. Cogliano, Francis D Edinburgh University Press. Cooke, Jacob E. Cunningham, Vinson December 28, Retrieved April 28, Crawford, Alan Pell Random House Digital.

Davis, David Brion The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, — Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt The suppression of the African slave-trade to the United States of America. Longmans, Green and Co. Earle, Edward Mead The American Historical Review. Elkins, Stanley M. The Age of Federalism. Ellis, Joseph J. Alfred A. Thomas Jefferson: Genius of Liberty.

Viking Studio. Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Random House LLC. Ferling, John Adams vs. Jefferson: The Tumultuous Election of Finkelman, Paul Journal of the Early Republic. Finkelman, Paul, ed. Finkelman, Paul April The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Virginia Historical Society.

Foster, Eugene A. November 5, Bibcode : Natur. Frawley, William J. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Freehling, William W. Levinson, Sanford; Sparrow, Bartholomew H. Freeman, Joanne B. Shuffelton, Frank ed. The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Jefferson. Cambridge University Press. Gish, Dustin, and Daniel Klinghard. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory Osprey Publishing.

Golden, James L. Thomas Jefferson and the Rhetoric of Virtue. Gordon-Reed, Annette University Press of Virginia. Gordon-Reed, Annette February 20, But It Was Transformative". Retrieved March 11, Greider, William Who Will Tell the People. Halliday, E. Understanding Thomas Jefferson. Harper Collins. Hamelman, Steven January 1, Midwest Quarterly.

Harrison, John Houston Genealogical Publishing Com. Hart, Charles Henry Browere's Life Masks of Great Americans. Hayes, Kevin J. Hellenbrand, Harold Associated University Presse. Helo, Ari Hendricks, Nancy America's First Ladies. Herring, George C. From Colony to Superpower: U. Foreign Relations since Hogan, Pendleton Howe, Daniel Walker Hyland, William G Carolina Academic Press.

Jacavone, Jared University of Rhode Island. Kaplan, Lawrence S. Thomas Jefferson: Westward the Course of Empire. Kaufman, Will; Macpherson, Heidi Slettedahl Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Keyssar, Alexander Maier, Pauline American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence. Malone, Dumas , ed. Dictionary of American Biography.

Charles Scribner's Sons. Malone, Dumas. Jefferson 6 vol. Jefferson, The Virginian. Jefferson and His Time. Little Brown. Jefferson and the Rights of Man. Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty. Little, Brown. Jefferson the President: First Term, — Jefferson the President: Second Term, — The Sage of Monticello. Mapp, Alf J. Jefferson: Passionate Pilgrim.

Mayer, David N. McCullough, David John Adams. McDonald, Robert M. Jeffersonian America. McEwan, Barbara Thomas Jefferson, Farmer. Meacham, Jon Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House Trade Paperbacks. Miller, John Chester Miller, Robert J. University of Nebraska Press. Mott, Frank Luther. U of Virginia Press.

Background on thomas jefferson

The Mind of Thomas Jefferson. Peterson, Merrill D. The Jefferson Image in the American Mind. Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. In Graff, Henry ed. The Presidents: A Reference History 7th ed. Phillips, Julieanne In Rodriguez, Junius ed. The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. Randall, Willard Sterne Thomas Jefferson: A Life.

American Heritage. Rodriguez, Junius The Louisiana Purchase: a historical and geographical encyclopedia. Stewart, John J. Thomas Jefferson: Forerunner to the Restoration. Cedar Fort. Sheehan, Bernard Scythes, James Tucker, Spencer C. Shuffelton, Frank In Jefferson, Thomas. Smith, Robert C. Encyclopedia of African American Politics. Infobase Publishing, pages.

Tucker, George Cogliano Press. Urofsky, Melvin I. CQ Press. Wiencek, Henry Master of the Mountain: Thomas Jefferson and his slaves. Wilentz, Sean The Rise of American Democracy. Wilson, Steven Harmon Justice System: Law and constitution in early America. Wood, Gordon S Thomas Jefferson Foundation sources. Retrieved July 25, Retrieved July 22, Retrieved July 24, Retrieved April 26, Retrieved July 21, Retrieved July 17, Archived from the original on August 20, Retrieved July 16, Archived from the original on March 4, Retrieved July 20, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, — the Princeton University Press edition of the correspondence and papers; vol 1 appeared in ; vol 41 covering part of appeared in The Founder's Constitution.

University of Chicago Press. Retrieved November 2, Thomas, Jefferson Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson — University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 2, The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson. Note: This was Jefferson's only book; numerous editions —— The Portable Thomas Jefferson. Yarbrough, Jean M. The Essential Jefferson. Hackett Publishing.

Archived from the original on August 13, Retrieved August 11, Spafford, 17 March ". Government: National Archives. University of Virginia: Miller Center. Archived from the original on August 26, Retrieved August 26, Barger, Herbert October 15, Retrieved April 4, Mount Rushmore National Memorial. National Park Service. Retrieved April 1, De Witte, Melissa July 1, Retrieved October 4, Finkelman, Paul November 30, Haimann, Alexander T.

May 16, Arago, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved November 6, University of Virginia. October 14, Archived from the original on December 25, Retrieved November 5, Retrieved October 3, — via National Archives. Roberts, Gary Boyd April—May American Ancestors. New England Historic Genealogical Society. Retrieved October 29, Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S.

February 13, Brookings Institution. Retrieved October 30, Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society. Archived from the original PDF on September 18, On June 1, , the day before the end of his second term as governor, Jefferson was forced to flee his home at Monticello, only narrowly escaping capture by the British cavalry. Although he had no choice but to leave, his political enemies later pointed to this inglorious incident as evidence of cowardice.

Jefferson declined to seek a third term as governor and stepped down on June 4, Claiming that he was giving up public life for good, he returned to Monticello, where he intended to live out the rest of his days as a gentleman farmer surrounded by the domestic pleasures of his family, his farm, and his books. But the next year, Jefferson was spurred back into public life by private tragedy: the untimely death of his beloved wife, Martha, on September 6, , about six weeks before her 34 th birthday.

After months of mourning, in June , Jefferson returned to Philadelphia to lead the Virginia delegation to the Confederation Congress. In , that body appointed Jefferson to replace Benjamin Franklin as the U. His official duties as minister consisted primarily of negotiating loans and trade agreements with private citizens and government officials in Paris and Amsterdam.

The educated and erudite Abigail, with whom Jefferson maintained a lengthy correspondence on a wide variety of subjects, was perhaps the only woman he ever treated as an intellectual equal. After nearly five years in Paris, Jefferson returned to America at the end of with a much greater appreciation for his home country. How little do my countrymen know what precious blessings they are in possession of, and which no other people on earth enjoy.

Jefferson arrived in Virginia in November to find George Washington waiting for him with news that Washington had been elected the first president of the United States of America and that he was appointing Jefferson as his secretary of state. A dozen years younger than Jefferson, Hamilton was a New Yorker and war hero who, unlike Jefferson and Washington, had risen from humble beginnings.

On one side, the Republican Party, led by Jefferson, promoted the supremacy of state governments, a strict constructionist interpretation of the U. Constitution , and support for the French Revolution. On the other side, the Federalists , led by Alexander Hamilton , advocated for a strong national government, broad interpretation of the Constitution, and neutrality in European affairs.

On January 5, , frustrated by the endless conflicts, Jefferson resigned as secretary of state, once again abandoning politics in favor of his family and farm at his beloved Monticello. By the rules of the time, that made Jefferson the new vice president. He held the post from to Besides presiding over the U. Senate , the vice president had essentially no substantive role in government.

To occupy his time during his four years as vice president, Jefferson authored A Manual of Parliamentary Practice , one of the most useful guides to legislative proceedings ever written, and served as the president of the American Philosophical Society. In the presidential election of , the Federalists refused to back Adams, clearing the way for the Republican candidates Jefferson and Aaron Burr to tie for first place, with 73 electoral votes each.

After a long and contentious debate, the U. House of Representatives selected Jefferson to serve as the third president of America, with Burr as his vice president. The election of Jefferson in was a landmark of world history: the first peacetime transfer of power from one party to another in a modern republic. Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, , at Shadwell, a plantation on a large tract of land near present-day Charlottesville, Virginia.

Thomas was their third child and eldest son; he had six sisters and one surviving brother. Did you know? Capitol, which housed the Library of Congress, during the War of Jefferson's books formed the foundation of the rebuilt Library of Congress's collections. In , Jefferson graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, where he reportedly enjoyed studying for 15 hours, then practicing violin for several more hours on a daily basis.

Jefferson began working as a lawyer in The Founding Fathers were fighting for freedom—just not for everyone. Founding Father, author of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States, appropriator of the Louisiana Purchase, gastronome…? The two founding fathers, who share a special place in American history, had a long, complicated relationship over the course of their lives.

After his father died when Jefferson was a teen, the future president inherited the Shadwell property. Jefferson, who had a keen interest in architecture and gardening, designed the home and its elaborate gardens himself. Over the course of his life, he remodeled and expanded Monticello and filled it with art, fine furnishings and interesting gadgets and architectural details.

He kept records of everything that happened at the 5,acre plantation, including daily weather reports, a gardening journal and notes about his slaves and animals. The couple moved to Monticello and eventually had six children; only two of their daughters—Martha and Mary —survived into adulthood. Jefferson was distraught and never remarried.

Although he was an advocate for individual liberty and at one point promoted a plan for the gradual emancipation of slaves in America, he enslaved people throughout his life. Jefferson inherited some enslaved people from his father and father-in-law and owned an estimated slaves over the course of his life. How could a man responsible for writing the sacred words "We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal" have been a slave owner?

He never resolved his internal conflict on this issue. After carrying on a long and fascinating correspondence with John Adams while both men were in the twilight of their lives, Jefferson died on July 4, —exactly fifty years to the day from the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A.

Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Upcoming Events Past Events Donate. Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center. University of Virginia Miller Center. Thomas Jefferson: Life in Brief. Breadcrumb U. Shaping America's Political Philosophy Jefferson was shy in person, but his pen proved to be a mighty weapon.

Presidential Politics Jefferson served as secretary of state under Washington, but quarrels with Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton over his vision of a centralized national bank caused Jefferson to resign his post in